- No shared vision and values
- No strategic path
- Poor alignment: bad alignment between structure and shared values, between mission and systems; the structure and systems of the organisation poorly serve and reinforce the strategic paths.
- Wrong style: the management philosophy is either incongruent with shared vision and values or the style inconsistently embodies the vision and values of the mission statement.
- Poor skills
- Low trust: staff has low trust, a depleted emotional bank account, and that low trust results in closed communication, little problem – solving or poor cooperation and teamwork.
- No self-integrity: values do not equal habits; there is no correlation between what I value and believe and what I do.
Source: SR COVEY (1990) Principle – Centred Leadership, London: Simon and Schuster. Pp.165-171