And six ways to face them
- A focus on means rather than ends. Overcome this enemy by turning it on its head. Look at the WHAT and not the HOW.
- The failure to recognise the three levels of results: micro (individual), macro (organisational) and mega (societal). Overcome this by understanding the distinctions among the three levels and linking them together.
- Written objectives that give destination without supplying precise criteria for knowing when you have arrived. Overcome this enemy by preparing objectives that include measures of success.
- Needs that are defines as gaps in resources or methods (means). Overcome this enemy by defining needs as gaps in results (ends), rather than rushing into premature solutions to ill-defined problems.
- A mission that is practical, real world, do-able, and achievable, without being focused on a vision. Overcome this enemy by defining an ideal vision.
- Reliance on plans that are comfortable and acceptable. Overcome this enemy by pushing out of comfort zones and looking at where you should be, not just where you feel comfortable.
From Kaufman R (1992) 6 steps to strategic success. Training & Development 46(5):107-112